江西鄱阳湖地区土壤酸化与人为源氮的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

文帮勇  杨忠芳  侯青叶  杨晓燕  尹国胜  衷存堤 《现代地质》2011,25(3):562-568

江西鄱阳湖地区是我国土壤酸化严重的地区之一,对比研究区多目标区域地球化学调查与第二次土壤普查资料发现,研究区土壤酸化趋势严重,强酸性土壤占研究区面积比例由58.22%上升到78.44%;赣江、抚河水系入湖区和饶河流域表层土壤酸化明显。研究区因施肥、大气干湿沉降和灌溉输入到农田的氮素分别为123.84 kg.hm-.2a-1、74.13 kg.hm-.2a-1、11.02 kg.hm-.2a-1。研究区因人为氮带入农田的H+为18.67 kmol.hm-.2a-1。化肥氮是引起土壤酸化的主控因素,氮沉降也是影响土壤酸化的主要因素之一。土壤pH与氮含量呈较差负相关,说明土壤中的有机氮对土壤酸化作用有限,增施有机肥和复合肥,适当减少氮肥,特别是铵态氮肥的比例,可以补充盐基物质的相对不足,达到缓解土壤酸化的作用。土壤pH与钙含量呈极显著正相关,适量增施含钙物质可以有效地防止表层土壤酸度降低。  相似文献   

Nitrogen uptake and primary productivity rates in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB)     

Katherine C. Filippino  Margaret R. MulhollandPeter W. Bernhardt 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Nutrient concentrations, primary productivity, and nitrogen uptake rates were measured in coastal waters of the Mid-Atlantic Bight over a two-year period that included measurements from all four seasons. In order to assess carbon productivity and nitrogen demand within the context of the physical environment, the region was divided into three distinct hydrographic regimes: the Chesapeake and Delaware Bay outflow plumes (PL), the southern Mid-Atlantic shelf influenced by the Gulf Stream (SS), and the mid-shelf area to the north of the Chesapeake Bay mouth (MS). Annual areal rates of total nitrogen (N) uptake were similar across all regions (10.9 ± 2.1 mol N m⁻² y⁻¹). However, annual areal rates of net primary productivity were higher in the outflow plume region (43 mol C m⁻² y⁻¹), than along the Mid-Atlantic shelf and in areas influenced by the Gulf Stream (41 and 34 mol C m⁻² y⁻¹, respectively). Rates of net primary productivity were not well correlated with Chl a concentrations and were uncoupled with net N uptake rates. Seasonally averaged annual areal rates of net primary productivity for the Mid-Atlantic Bight measured in this study were higher than those calculated in previous decades and provide important validation information for biogeochemical models and satellite remote sensing algorithms developed for the region.  相似文献   

Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: ��strategies�� for nutrient uptake and growth outside the Redfield comfort zone     

Patricia M. GLIBERT  JoAnn M. BURKHOLDER 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(4):724-738

While many harmful algal blooms have been associated with increasing eutrophication, not all species respond similarly and the increasing challenge, especially for resource managers, is to determine which blooms are related to eutrophication and to understand why particular species proliferate under specific nutrient conditions. The overall goal of this brief review is to describe why nutrient loads are not changing in stoichiometric proportion to the "Redfield ratio", and why this has important consequences for algal growth. Many types of harmful algae appear to be able to thrive, and/or increase their production of toxins, when nutrient loads are not in proportion classically identified as Redfield ratios. Here we also describe some of the physiological mechanisms of different species to take up nutrients and to thrive under conditions of nutrient imbalance.  相似文献   

Effect of nitrogen to phosphorus ratios on cell proliferation in marine micro algae     

张青田  胡桂坤 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,(4)

The ratio of nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) is known to affect cell proliferation of some marine micro algae. We evaluated the effect of N/P ratios on the proliferation and succession of phytoplankton using five marine micro algae species. We used two sources of nitrogen, NH4Cl (N1) and urea (N2), and a single source of phosphorous, NaH2PO4(P). The optimal N/P ratio that differed among the five species was affected by the source of nitrogen, being as follows (N1/P, N2/P in order): Thalassiosira sp. (30/1, 20/1),...  相似文献   

Application of stable isotope techniques in studies of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zhigao Sun  Xiaojie Mou  Xinhua Li  Lingling Wang  Hongli Song  Huanhuan Jiang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(2):129-148

Stable isotope techniques have been proved useful as tools for studying the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem. This paper firstly introduced the basic principles and the distribution characteristics of stable isotope, then reviewed the recent advances and applications of stable isotope in the C and N biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem. By applying the 13 C natural abundance technique, ecologists are able to understand the photosynthetic path and CO 2 fixation of plants, the CO 2 exchange and C balance status of ecosystem, the composition, distribution and turnover of soil organic C and the sources of organic matter in food webs, while by using the 13 C labeled technique, the effects of elevated CO 2 on the C processes of ecosystem and the sources and fate of organic matter in ecosystem can be revealed in detail. Differently, by applying the 15 N natural abundance technique, ecologists are able to analyze the biological N 2 -fixation, the N sources of ecosystem, the N transformation processes of ecosystem and the N trophic status in food webs, while by using the 15 N labeled technique, the sources, transformation and fate of N in ecosystem and the effects of N input on the ecosystem can be investigated in depth. The applications of both C and N isotope natural abundance and labeled techniques, combined with the elemental, other isotope ( 34 S) and molecular biomarker information, will be more propitious to the investigation of C and N cycle mechanisms. Finally, this paper concluded the problems existed in current researches, and put forward the perspective of stable isotope techniques in the studies on C and N biogeochemical cycles of ecosystem in the future.  相似文献   

Alkaline phosphatase activity in ornithogenic soils in polar tundra     

MA DaWei  ZHU RenBin  DING Wei  SUN JianJun  LIU YaShu  SUN LiGuang 《极地研究(英文版)》2011,22(2):92-100

  相似文献   

Herbaceous layer development during spring does not deplete soil nitrogen in the Portuguese montado     

D.O. Otieno  H. MirzaeiM.Z. Hussain  Y.L. LiM.W.T. Schmidt  M. Wartinger  E. Jung  N. RibeiroJ.S. Pereira  J. Tenhunen 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(3):231-238

Nitrogen (N) content in the soil and in the herbaceous biomass were monitored during spring of 2004-2006 to determine how the herbaceous layer development influences soil N availability in the montado ecosystem of southern Portugal. Highest (246.6 ± 52.7 g m⁻²) and lowest (123.2 ± 89.5 g m⁻²) peak biomass occurred in 2006 and 2005 respectively. Total soil N within the top 20 cm soil profile ranged between 0.2 ± 0.1% in February and 0.41 ± 0.2% in May, while available soil N was lowest (5 ± 2 μg g⁻¹soil) in February but increased three-to-five fold in March and was >17.5 μg g⁻¹soil at senescence in May. Significant (p < 0.001) increase in total N in the aboveground pool occurred between February and May. There was however, no decay in soil N content. Instead, the herbaceous vegetation enhanced soil N input and N retention in the ecosystem. Most of the herbaceous plants were annuals with large reserves of organic N at senescence, which returned to the soil as detritus. The herbaceous vegetation is a critical component of the montado that contributes to N recharge and cycling within the ecosystem.  相似文献   

扎龙湿地芦苇沼泽对农田排水中氮、磷净化效果的模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高蕊  章光新  李绪谦  李红艳 《湿地科学》2011,9(4):334-339

农田排水已经成为扎龙湿地水环境污染的重要来源之一.采集扎龙湿地芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽区土壤和植物样品,开展为期18天的室内模拟试验,以进水中氨氮(NH4+-N)含量为基准,设计了6组实验,研究芦苇沼泽对不同氮、磷含量农田排水中主要污染物的去除效果,及进水在沼泽中的不同停留时间对湿地去污效果...  相似文献   

铵在中砂上的3种吸附形态研究     

付佳妮  刘菲  陈坚  徐基胜  梁静 《矿物学报》2011,31(4):757-764

通过动力学和等温吸附实验,研究了不同初始氨氮浓度下水溶铵、交换铵和固定铵在中砂上的吸附规律。结果表明,吸附平衡时各种形态铵含量随初始氨氮浓度增加而增大。3种形态铵吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程。吸附速率常数K大小顺序为：固定铵〉交换铵〉水溶铵,初始速率：固定铵〈交换铵〈水溶铵。随着初始氨氮浓度的增加,水溶铵占总铵的比重由40%上升到65%,其吸附的主要限制步骤为颗粒间扩散。交换铵对总铵的贡献率维持在25%左右,吸附饱和后有所降低,初始氨氮浓度为交换铵吸附的主要限制步骤。固定铵达到饱和时,吸附量只有26.18 mg/kg,对总铵的贡献率由33%下降到9%。  相似文献   

某垃圾填埋场包气带砂土对NH₄⁺-N的吸附研究     

徐基胜  刘培斌  梁静  陈坚  付佳妮  刘菲 《岩石矿物学杂志》2011,30(6):1111-1117

对某垃圾填埋场包气带砂土吸附氨氮的机理进行了研究,通过吸附等温实验主要探讨了其吸附过程、不同粒级土的吸附贡献和吸附氨氮的3种形态。结果表明:样品土对氨氮的等温吸附线符合Langmuir模式,原土的计算最大吸附量为435 mg/kg;中砂、细砂和实验原土的吸附能力大小顺序为:原土>细砂>中砂;在样品土中,粉质粘土随着初始铵溶液浓度的升高吸附绝对量和吸附贡献率都在上升,由50 mg/L时的43%贡献率上升到400 mg/L时70%的贡献率,成为原土吸附氨氮的主要贡献者;随着初始铵溶液浓度的升高,水溶态铵、可交换态铵和固定态铵的绝对量都大致呈上升趋势,它们的最大吸附量分别为112.3、97.5和214.0 mg/kg;铵溶液中的铵离子进入粘土中的大致顺序为:颗粒表面的扩散层(主要为水溶态铵)→吸附层(主要为可交换态铵)→矿物晶格内部和晶层空间(主要为固定态铵)。  相似文献